Documentation
Computer Science
資料庫
NoSQL
Redis
Redis CLI

Redis CLI

Redis 命令列介面（CLI）常用指令參考。

基本操作

連線伺服器 

redis-cli -h [host] -p [port]

服務管理 

sudo service redis-server [status | start | stop]

版本查詢 

redis-server -v

TTL（存活時間） 

ttl [key]

資料管理

KEYS

  • 阻塞直到完成
  • 禁止在生產環境使用
  • 僅用於除錯

SCAN

  • 使用 cursor 迭代
  • 回傳 slot reference
  • 每次呼叫可能回傳 0 或多個 keys
  • 適合生產環境

FLUSHDB / FLUSHALL

刪除當前資料庫的所有 keys：

flushdb

刪除所有資料庫的所有 keys：

flushall

INCRBY 

SET mykey "10"

INCRBY mykey 5

GET mykey
# 15

資料結構

Hash

時間複雜度：

  • O(1)：HGET, HSET, HINCRBY, HDEL
  • O(n)：HGETALL
HSET user:123 username martina firstName Martina lastName Elisa country GB

HGET user:123 username

HGETALL user:123

遊戲角色範例：

HSET player:42 name Artexious race Elf level 4 hp 20 gold 20

HGETALL player:42

HSET player:42 status dazed

HDEL player:42 status

HINCRBY player:42 gold 120

List

取得所有元素：

LRANGE media_server_list 0 -1

String

設定帶過期時間的值：

SET ticket:27 "{'username': 'priya', 'ticket_id': 321}" EX 100

模組管理

列出已載入模組：

MODULE LIST

查看模組資訊：

INFO MODULES

交易（Transactions）

關於資料庫交易的理論基礎，請參考 Transaction Issues

指令說明
MULTI開始交易
EXEC執行所有已排隊的指令
DISCARD取消交易
WATCH監視 key，若被修改則交易失敗

RedisJSON

RedisJSON 模組讓 Redis 原生支援 JSON 文件的儲存與操作。

基本操作

目標說明
插入 JSONJSON.SET
取得 JSONJSON.GET
修改 JSONJSON.SET（指定路徑）

範例：Food Truck 資料 

JSON.SET vendor:96 $ '{"name": "Tacos Mi Ranchos", "phone": 557891234, "accepts_online_orders": false, "currently_open": true, "menu": [{"name": "burrito", "price": 11.5}, {"name": "taco", "price": 3.5}, {"name": "quesadilla", "price": 6.0}]}'

更新巢狀屬性 

JSON.SET vendor:96 $.location '{"address": "1434 1st Ave, Oakland, CA 94606", "coordinates": [37.7989708, -122.2565053]}'

取得資料 

# 取得完整文件
JSON.GET vendor:96

# 取得 menu 陣列
JSON.GET vendor:96 $.menu

# 取得第一個品項的價格
JSON.GET vendor:96 $.menu[0].price

陣列操作

新增元素到陣列：

JSON.ARRAPPEND vendor:96 $.menu '{"name": "Torta", "price": 4.5}'

移除陣列元素：

JSON.ARRPOP vendor:96 $.menu 0

數值操作 

JSON.NUMINCRBY vendor:96 $.wait-time 10

Redis Stack Server

使用 RedisJSON 建立關聯資料模型：

  classDiagram
    direction LR

    class vendor{
        -name
        -cuisines
        -primary_cuisine
        -address
    }
    class event{
        -assigned_vendors
        -start_time
        -end_time
        -location_id
    }
    class location{
        - address
    }
    class address{
        -coordinates
    }
    class coordinates{
        -longitude
        -latitude
    }

    vendor <--> event
    vendor <--> location

資料結構範例 

{
    "banner_url": "https://media-cdn.truckfinder.com/.../photo0jpg.jpg",
    "cuisines": ["Mexican"],
    "events": [],
    "id": "0013i00001w89pHAZQ",
    "logo_url": "https://s3-media0.f1.truckfinder.com/.../o.jpg",
    "name": "Tacos Mi Rancho",
    "primary_cuisine": "",
    "vendor_info": {
        "address": "1434 1st Ave",
        "city": "Oakland",
        "state": "CA"
    }
}
{
    "id": "0016e00002o8jJGAAY",
    "about": "Food trucks that provides a variety of cuisines...",
    "image_url": "https://truckfinder.s3.amazonaws.com/locations/...",
    "info": {
        "address": "SFO Terminal 1",
        "city": "San Francisco",
        "coordinates": "-122.3943, 37.6227",
        "region": "San Francisco",
        "state": "CA",
        "zipcode": "94128"
    },
    "location_type": "Public Market",
    "name": "Off The Grid: SFO Food Spot"
}
{
    "assigned_vendors": 8,
    "id": "a1M6e000006oioXEAQ",
    "location_id": "",
    "location_name": "Off The Grid: SFO Food Spot",
    "name": "SFO",
    "start_time": "2022-07-14T20:30:00-07:00",
    "end_time": "2022-07-14T14:00:00-07:00"
}

JSON.SET 範例

Vendor：

JSON.SET truck:42 $ '{"banner_url": "https://...", "cuisines": ["Mexican"], "events": [], "id": "0013i00001w89pHAZQ", "logo_url": "https://...", "name": "Tacos Mi Rancho", "primary_cuisine": "", "vendor_info": {"address": "1434 1st Ave", "city": "Oakland", "state": "CA"}}'

Location：

JSON.SET location:23 $ '{"id": "0016e00002o8jJGAAY", "about": "Food trucks...", "image_url": "https://...", "info": {"address": "SFO Terminal 1", "city": "San Francisco", "coordinates": "-122.3943, 37.6227", "region": "San Francisco", "state": "CA", "zipcode": "94128"}, "location_type": "Public Market", "name": "Off The Grid: SFO Food Spot"}'

Event：

JSON.SET event:11 $ '{"assigned_vendors": 8, "id": "a1M6e000006oioXEAQ", "location_id": "", "location_name": "Off The Grid: SFO Food Spot", "name": "SFO", "start_time": "2022-07-14T20:30:00-07:00", "end_time": "2022-07-14T14:00:00-07:00"}'

關聯資料

將 event 加入 vendor 的 events 陣列：

JSON.ARRAPPEND truck:42 $.events '"a1M6e000006oioXEAQ"'

設定 event 的 location_id：

JSON.SET event:11 $.location_id '"0016e00002o8jJGAAY"'

RedisSearch

RedisSearch 模組提供全文搜尋與二級索引功能。

建立索引 

FT.CREATE idx:truck
  ON JSON
  PREFIX 1 "truck:"
  SCHEMA
    $.name AS name TEXT SORTABLE
    $.cuisines[*] AS cuisines TAG

搜尋

依名稱搜尋：

FT.SEARCH idx:truck @name:Tacos
FT.SEARCH idx:truck '@name:Tacos Mi'

依 Tag 搜尋：

FT.SEARCH idx:truck '@cuisines:{Mexican}'

Event 索引範例

建立索引：

FT.CREATE idx:event
  ON JSON
  PREFIX 1 "event:"
  SCHEMA
    $.assigned_vendors AS assigned_vendors NUMERIC SORTABLE
    $.name AS name TEXT SORTABLE
    $.location_name AS location TEXT

數值範圍搜尋：

FT.SEARCH idx:event '@assigned_vendors:[5 inf]'

相關主題

Redis Glossary